Induced Polarisation (IP) is a technique of measuring an induced potential field in the ground in order to map the geological subsurface. From measurements of the induced potential field the chargeability and resistivity of the subsurface can be calculated. These measurements are made in either the time domain or frequency domain using various configurations of transmission electrodes and multiple potentiometer receivers. Application: Mineral Exploration Groundwater Mapping Geological Stratigraphy Mapping Mapping …Read More

Magnetic techniques measure disturbances in the earth’s natural magnetic field. These disturbances are caused by ferromagnetic materials, either magnetic rocks (usually bedrock) or man made objects containing iron or steel. Application: Mineral Exploration Mapping of Environmental Targets (UST’s, etc.) Geological Stratigraphy Mapping Archaeological Site Investigation

The time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) technique utilizes differences in the electrical properties of geologic materials to map subsurface conditions. An electric current is induced into the ground by a loop of wire laid out on the ground surface. These induced currents propagate downward into the subsurface and are increasingly influenced by the electrical properties of deeper layers. A series of measurements of the secondary magnetic field are used to model electrical …Read More

In seismic refraction surveys, a very small seismic wave is generated in the ground by either a hammer or small explosive change. This wave is refracted in the subsurface and detected by a series of sensitive geophones deployed along the ground. By measuring the travel-times of the seismic waves, the nature of and depth to subsurface features can be computed. In seismic reflection surveying, the seismic wave is reflected from …Read More